Dyeing studies with henna and madder: A research on effect of tin (II) chloride mordant

The present paper deals with the application of natural dyes extracted from powdered henna (Lawsonia inermis) leaves and madder (Rubia cordifolia) roots on woolen yarn and assessment of effect of stannous chloride mordant on dyeability, color characteristics, fastness properties and antifungal activity of dyed woolen yarn. Sixteen shades have been developed for the characterization of their color characteristics and fastness properties. The color strength (K/S value) has been found to be very good in all dyed woolen yarn samples. The color fastness with respect to light exposure, washing and rubbing was quite satisfactory for both henna as well as madder dyed samples. Henna leaves extract was found very effective against Candida glabrata both in solution as well as after application on wool substrate but no antifungal activity is reported in case of madder both in solution as well as on wool substrate

Promising bioactive properties of quercetin for potential food applications and health benefits: A review

Naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising biological properties are quercetin and its derivatives. Quercetin has been thoroughly studied for its antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, cardiovascular, and wound-healing properties. Anticancer activity of quercetin against cancer cell lines has also recently been revealed. The majority of the Western diet contains quercetin and its derivatives, therefore consuming them as part of a meal or as a food supplement may be sufficient for people to take advantage of their preventive effects. Bioavailability-based drug-delivery systems of quercetin have been heavily studied. Fruits, seeds, vegetables, bracken fern, coffee, tea, and other plants all contain quercetin, as do natural colors. One naturally occurring antioxidant is quercetin, whose anticancer effects have been discussed in detail. It has several properties that could make it an effective anti-cancer agent. Numerous researches have shown that quercetin plays a substantial part in the suppression of cancer cells in the breast, colon, prostate, ovary, endometrial, and lung tumors. The current study includes a concise explanation of quercetin's action mechanism and potential health applications

Developing a Shade Range on Wool by Madder (Rubia cordifolia) Root Extract with Gallnut (Quercus infectoria) as Biomordant

Environmental issues inspire the revival of natural dyes that exhibit better biodegradability and more compatibility over synthetic ones. This research is aimed to investigate the effect of color and fastness properties on wool yarn substrate with natural anthraquinone colorants extracted from madder roots using gallnut (Quercus infectoria) extract as anchoring agent. Prior to the dyeing with Indian Madder (Rubia cordifolia), wool fibers were pre and post-treated with different concentrations of gallnut extract (viz 1–5% o.w.f) to get a broad range of beautiful and color fast shades. The feasibility of gallnut extract as an anchoring agent and its effect on color strength and color fastness to light, rubbing, and washing was investigated. Results of color characteristics showed that the color coordinates of the dyed samples were situated in the red-yellow quadrant of the CIELabcolor space. Bio-mordanting with gallnut extract produced shades of practically acceptable color depth, color fastness to light, washing and rubbing. Pre-treatment with gallnut extract is dominated over post-treatment in terms of better colorimetric and fastness results

Dyeing, fastness and antimicrobial properties of woolen yarns dyed with gallnut (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) extract

The present study was conducted to investigate the dyeing, fastness, and antimicrobial properties of woolen yarns using gallnut extract as a natural dye. Comparative results of color fastness (fastness to light, wash, and rub) and colorimetric properties (CIELab and color strength (K/S) values) of dyed woolen yarns were studied to quantify the effect of mordants. The antimicrobial activity of gallnut extract before and after application on woolen yarn was tested against common pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Gallnut extract proved very effective in inhibiting microbial growth, both in the solution phase as well as after application on wool. A reduction in antimicrobial activity was observed when mordanted samples were examined. The wash durability of antimicrobial activity was also evaluated after one, five, and ten washing cycles. The antimicrobial finish was found to be semi-durable

Assessment of antimicrobial activity of Catechu and its dyed substrate

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of catechu in solution and % microbial reduction of dyed wool samples against Escherichia coli MTCC 443, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 902, Candida albicans ATCC 10261 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 750, by using micro-broth dilution method, disc diffusion assay and growth curve studies. The dye showed the maximum antimicrobial activity at 20% w/v, inhibiting the microbial growth by more than 90%. In the next set of the experiments the antimicrobial activity of the dye was compared on woollen yarn alone and on pre-mordanted samples. The reduction in antimicrobial activity was observed when mordanted samples were examined. K/S, CIELab values and fastness properties of the dyed samples were assessed. The structural morphology of woollen yarn was also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Haemolytic activity on human erythrocytes was studied to exclude possibility of further associated cytotoxicity. The observed antimicrobial characteristics and negligible cytoxicity of catechu indicate that the dye might be a promising antimicrobial agent for developing bioactive textile materials and clothing

Assessment of colorimetric, antibacterial and antifungal properties of woollen yarn dyed with the extract of the leaves of henna (Lawsonia inermis)

The extract of leaves of henna was applied on woollen yarn to investigate the dyeing characteristics and antimicrobial efficacy against common human pathogens such as Escherichia coli MTCC 443, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 902 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Bioactivity of henna dyed woollen yarn was compared with commercial antibacterial (Ampicillin) and antifungal (Fluconazole) agents. Lawsonia inermis dyed woollen yarn samples were found considerably active against tested microorganisms. Dyed wool yarns were tested for fastness toward light, washing and crocking (dry and wet). Fastness properties of dyed woollen yarn samples were found considerably good. Effect of eco-friendly metallic salt mordants on bioactivity and color characteristics of dyed woollen yarn samples were also investigated. The results proved that mordanted wool yarn showed increase in dye uptake resulting in high color strength and better fastness properties but considerable decrease in antimicrobial activity and slight decrease in the case of antifungal activity were observed with the application of mordants. The results indicate that extract of leaves of henna can be applied on woollen yarns to produce colored clothings and textiles (sportswear, clothings for hospitals and babies) with semidurable antimicrobial properties

Antimicrobial activity of wool yarn dyed with Rheum emodi L. (Indian Rhubarb)

This work is an attempt to examine the effect of Rheum emodi L. as dye and its dyed wool yarns against two bacterial (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and two fungal (Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis) species. The dyeing was carried out using 5% and 10% o.w.f. dye concentration in presence and absence of ferrous sulphate, stannous chloride and alum mordants. The colour strength, CIELab values and fastness properties of dyed samples were also assessed. FTIR spectra of untreated, mordanted and dyed wool yarn were investigated to study the interaction between fibre, mordant and dye. The structural morphology of wool yarn was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The susceptibility tests for R. emodi L. were carried out in terms of disc diffusion, growth curve and viability assays against all the tested microorganisms. Dyed samples showed very effective antimicrobial properties showing more than 90% microbial reduction in both bacterial as well as fungal population

Studies on application of lac natural dye on wool using eco-friendly metal mordants

The dyeing of woollen yarn with lac as natural dye has been studied using ferrous sulphate, stannous chloride and their combination as mordants. Fifty four shades have been produced by using different mordants and varying the amount of dye. The hue of colour ranges from light orange - red - dark scarlet. The colour strength (K/S) has been found to be very good in dyed woollen yarn samples. Colour fastness values with respect to light exposure, washing, rubbing were obtained following standard methods. FTIR and SEM studies on dyed samples were also performed. From the investigations and study of dyeing a database on the effect of different eco-friendly mordants and their combination on the depth of shades, colour values and fastness properties of woollen yarns dyed with lac dye was devised. Following conclusions can be drawn based on the experiments of dyeing: Application of lac dye on wool substrate produces a range of shades varying from light orange - bright red - dark scarlet depending on the amount of lac dye, eco friendly mordants and their combination used. Stannous chloride mordanted woollen yarn dyed with lac dye produced stronger colour depth in comparison to lac dyed woollen yarn samples mordanted with ferrous sulphate. Lac dye applied on woollen yarn samples in the presence of both the mordants and their combination has very good light fastness, good wash fastness and moderately good to good rubbing fastness properties

Natural dye shades on woollen yarn dyed with Kamala (Mallotus philippinensis) using eco-friendly metal mordants and their combination

Fastness properties of woollen yarn dyed with natural dye are the main problems in its application. In this paper the dyeing of woollen yarn samples with Kamala (Mallotus philippinensis) natural dye has been studied using ecofriendly metal mordants and its combination (5% Iron), (2.5% Iron + 0.5% Tin) and (1% Tin), fifty four shades have been developed. Fastness properties (light, wash and rub/crocking) were studied on these samples. CIElab, CIELch and K/S values were also assessed. The results obtained have shown that woollen yarn samples dyed with Kamala (Mallotus philippinensis) natural dye with metal mordants and its combination have shown good fastness properties